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Material · Testing & Validation

Tensile. Hardness.
Microstructure.
Validate properties.

Material testing and validation for incoming material verification. Tensile, hardness, microstructure, chemical analysis. Confirm material per specification.

01 · Key principles

Key principles.

Tensile testing

Yield, UTS, elong

ASTM E8 standard. Verify mechanical properties.

Hardness testing

HRC, HRB, HV

Surface hardness verification. ASTM E18 for Rockwell.

Charpy impact

Toughness

ASTM E23 impact toughness at specified temperature.

Microstructure

Metallography

Etched cross-section under microscope. Phase verification.

Chemical analysis

Composition

OES (optical emission spectrometry) for alloy verification.

Hardness profile

Through depth

Nitriding, case-hardening depth verification.

Grain size

ASTM E112

Grain size measurement. Affects mechanical properties.

Inclusion content

ASTM E45

Non-metallic inclusion rating. Affects fatigue.

Mill cert review

Per heat

EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 certificates verify mill data.

FAQ

Why test incoming material?

Mill certificates can be wrong or fraudulent. Critical applications verify by independent test. Aerospace required.

Cost of testing?

Tensile test: $100-300. Microstructure: $200-500. Chemical analysis: $150-300. Adds 1-2% to material cost typically.

Test sample quantity?

One test per heat lot typically. ASTM standards specify minimum samples.

Failure analysis?

When parts fail, material testing on broken part. Chemical analysis, microstructure, fracture surface SEM.

Certified labs?

A2LA accredited labs for accepted certifications. ISO 17025 standard for test labs.

Documentation retention?

Aerospace: 30 years. Medical: 25 years (varies by class). Automotive: 15 years. Per industry.

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