Saltwater. Acid.
Alkaline. Industrial.
Corrosion-resistant.
Material selection for corrosive environments. Saltwater, acids, alkalis, industrial chemistries. 316L baseline; specialty alloys for severe service.
Key principles.
Marine, mild chemical
316L: 18% Cr, 10% Ni, 2% Mo. Standard marine and food-grade.
Severe marine
Duplex stainless: 22% Cr, 5% Ni, 3% Mo. 2× strength of 316L.
Saltwater, hydrofluoric
Nickel-copper. Severe saltwater immersion. HF acid resistance.
Strong acids
Premium nickel alloy. Strong acid environments.
Saltwater, chlorine
Excellent saltwater. Chemical industry.
High temperature corrosion
Nickel superalloy. High temp + corrosive.
Universal chemical
Polymer. Resists virtually all chemicals. Lower strength.
Hot acid
High-temp polymer. Resists many chemicals at elevated temperature.
Strong acid
Premium acid-resistant metal. Pharmaceutical, semiconductor.
FAQ
316L vs 304 stainless?
316L: 2-3% molybdenum makes major corrosion improvement. Standard for marine, food, mild chemical. 304 for indoor non-corrosive.
When does duplex pay off?
Severe marine (offshore, saltwater immersion), chloride environments. 2× strength of 316L allows thinner sections. Cost premium 30-50%.
Galvanic corrosion?
Dissimilar metals + electrolyte = galvanic corrosion. Stainless + carbon steel + saltwater. Insulate or use compatible metals.
Pitting vs general corrosion?
General: uniform metal loss. Pitting: localized deep pits in stainless from chlorides. PRE (Pitting Resistance Equivalent) = %Cr + 3.3×%Mo + 16×%N.
Crevice corrosion?
Stagnant fluid in tight gaps causes localized corrosion. Avoid crevices in design. Or use crevice-resistant alloys.
Choosing material for unknown environment?
Test coupons in actual environment. ASTM G corrosion test methods. Often partner with metallurgist for severe applications.
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