Subtractive vs additive.
Geometry decides.
Right process.
CNC subtracts material from solid stock. 3D printing adds material layer by layer. Each suits different geometry and volume requirements.
Key principles.
3D wins curves
Complex curves, internal features, lattices: 3D printing. Simple prismatic: CNC.
CNC for high
CNC scales well to production volumes. 3D printing per-part cost similar at any volume.
CNC smoother
CNC Ra 0.8-1.6 µm typical. 3D printing rough as-built, post-process needed for smooth.
CNC tighter
CNC ±0.025 mm. 3D printing ±0.1-0.2 mm typical, post-machining for tighter.
CNC wider
CNC: any solid stock material. 3D printing: limited polymer and metal selection.
3D fastest
3D printing 2-5 days. CNC 1-3 weeks for complex parts. Tooling adds 8-16 weeks.
FAQ
When does 3D win?
Prototype 1-10 pieces, complex geometry impossible to machine, lattice/topology-optimized parts. Custom anatomical implants.
When does CNC win?
Production volumes 100+, tight tolerance ±0.05 mm, smooth surface finish, broad material selection.
Hybrid approach?
3D print near-net + CNC critical features. Combines geometry freedom with precision.
Cost comparison?
Simple part: CNC cheaper. Complex part: 3D printing cheaper. Crossover depends on geometry.
Material properties?
3D printing properties 60-90% of equivalent wrought material. CNC bar stock has full properties.
Production scale?
3D printing for 1-100 typically. CNC for 1-10000+. Injection molding above 10000 if geometry molds.
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