3D printing vs CNC.
Additive vs subtractive.
Process choice.
3D printing vs CNC machining decision. 3D for complex geometry impossible to machine. CNC for precision, surface, tight tolerance.
Key principles.
3D printing wins curves
Complex curves, internal features, lattices: 3D printing. Simple prismatic: CNC.
CNC scales
CNC scales to production volumes. 3D printing per-part cost similar at any volume.
CNC smoother
CNC Ra 0.4-1.6 µm. 3D printing rough as-built (Ra 5-15 µm).
CNC tighter
CNC ±0.025 mm. 3D printing ±0.1-0.2 mm typical.
CNC wider
CNC: any solid stock. 3D printing: limited polymer/metal range.
3D fastest
3D 2-5 days. CNC 1-3 weeks. Tooling adds 8-16 weeks.
FAQ
When 3D wins?
Prototype 1-10 pcs, complex impossible-to-machine geometry, lattice structures, custom anatomical implants.
When CNC wins?
Production 100+ pcs, tight tolerance ±0.05 mm, smooth surface, broad material selection.
Hybrid?
3D print near-net + CNC critical features. Combines geometry freedom with precision.
Cost?
Simple part: CNC cheaper. Complex part: 3D cheaper. Crossover depends on geometry.
Mechanical properties?
3D printing 60-90% of equivalent wrought material. CNC bar stock has full properties.
Production scale?
3D for 1-100 typically. CNC 1-10000+. Injection molding 10000+ if geometry molds.
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